Introduction:
Artificial Intelligence (AI) could completely transform the way law enforcement agency’s function, increase efficiency, and produce better results overall when integrated into the Indian criminal justice system.
Like many other criminal justice systems across the world, the Indian system is beset by issues like a backlog of cases, resource limitations, and the requirement for swift and equitable decision-making. Artificial intelligence (AI) technology can provide creative answers to these problems. Applications of AI in criminal justice include case administration, judicial decision-making, predictive policing, and crime analysis.
In the area of criminal justice, artificial intelligence (AI) has become a disruptive force that could have a big impact on the Indian Penal Code (IPC) and the country’s legal system as a whole. Machine learning and data analytics are two examples of AI technologies that are being incorporated into more and more aspects of life.
AI integration in the criminal justice system is expected to improve decision-making processes’ impartiality, efficiency, and accuracy. It also brings up issues with prejudice, privacy, and the possibility of unforeseen effects.
Objectives:
- To explore how AI is being used in Courtrooms, Prisons, and Law enforcement.
- To analyse the advantages and difficulties of integrating AI.
- To Examine the moral issue related to AI’s application in Criminal Justice.
AI in Law enforcement:
- Predictive Policing – it discusses the use of AI algorithms to predict crime hotspots and allocate resources. It examines concerns related to bias and the reinforcement of existing disparities.
- Surveillance Technologies – Explores the role of AI powered surveillance tools in crime prevention and address the implications for privacy and civil liberties.
AI in Criminal Justice System:
- Predictive Policing – discuss how AI can analyze historical crime data to predict future criminal activity and evaluate the effectiveness and controversies surrounding predictive policing.
- Risk Assessment Algorithms – Explains how AI driven risk assessment tools for bail, sentencing, and parole decisions and assess the potential for bias and fairness concerns in these algorithms.
- Facial Recognition – Explore the role of Facial recognition technology in identifying suspects and improving surveillance and discuss concerns related to privacy, accuracy and potential misuse of facial recognition.
Benefits of AI in Criminal Justice System:
- Enhanced Efficiency – Describe how AI can automate routine tasks, leading to quicker case processing and discuss the potential cost savings for law enforcement agencies.
- Reduced Bias – Explain how AI can help minimize human biases in decision-making processes and discuss the implications for fair and impartial justice.
- Improved resource allocation – Analyze how AI can optimize resource allocation by identifying crime hotspots and allocating police resources accordingly.
Challenges and Concerns:
- Data Quality and Bias – Address concerns related to biased data that can perpetuate historical inequalities in AI applications.
- Transparency and Accountability – Discuss the importance of transparency in AI algorithms and the need for accountability in case of errors.
- Legal and Ethical Issues – Explore the legal and ethical challenges, including the protection of individual rights and privacy.
AI in relation with Criminal Procedure Code, 1973:
Regarding the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC), artificial intelligence (AI) plays a revolutionary role in several facets of the legal procedure, including both obstacles as well as opportunities. Artificial intelligence (AI) is being used more and more to improve the accessibility, accuracy, and efficiency of the legal processes described in the CrPC.
The convergence of AI and the CrPC represents a paradigm shift in the administration of justice, providing previously unheard-of prospects for accessibility, accuracy, and efficiency, but they also present fresh difficulties that need to be carefully thought through.
AI’s pervasiveness in the criminal justice system, particularly with regard to the CrPC, is evident in a number of areas of legal practice. Legal research and analysis are among the notable fields where AI has proven useful.
Legal professionals who must navigate the complex network of legal provisions detailed in the CrPC will find their work streamlined by AI-driven technologies that can quickly sort through enormous collections of legal texts, precedents, and case laws.
AI in relation with Indian Penal Code, 1860:
The foundation of Indian criminal law is the Indian Penal Code (IPC), which was created in 1860 and offers a thorough structure for classifying and penalising transgressions.
The IPC and intelligence (AI) together mark a substantial advancement in the way justice is administered. The way that modern technologies and established legal ideas are coming together will have a significant impact on how the IPC is interpreted, applied, and developed.
In the framework of the IPC, AI plays a variety of roles that touch on different facets of the criminal justice system.
Legal research and analysis constitute one of the main points of intersection. The IPC can be difficult for legal practitioners to navigate because of its complex web of sections and clauses.
Another important factor pertaining to the IPC is the effect of AI on evidence management. The code places a strong emphasis on how crucial it is to fairly and thoroughly review the evidence presented in court. AI technologies can help analyse a variety of evidence types, including digital and conventional forms, guaranteeing strict respect to IPC requirements and supporting the development of a strong evidentiary foundation.
AI in relation with Indian Evidence Act, 1872:
Artificial intelligence (AI) and the Evidence Act’s interaction is a complicated and developing topic of law. The introduction of AI technology has brought about a substantial impact on the Evidence Act, a legislative framework that controls the entry and use of evidence in legal processes. Important considerations concerning the reliability, admissibility, and ethical implications of evidence produced or aided by AI systems are brought up by this relationship.
Ensuring that evidence generated by AI is admissible in court is one of the major issues. Evidence must frequently meet three traditional standards of evidence: it must be authenticated, dependable, and relevant. Concerns concerning the validity of the algorithms, the data used to train them, and the openness of the decision-making process surface when dealing with AI-generated evidence.
Courts have to deal with things like AI systems’ capacity for explanation, the possibility of bias in training data, and the requirement for expert witness in order to evaluate and confirm evidence produced by AI.
AI has a significant impact on the authenticity of evidence as well. Although establishing the validity of digital evidence has always been a challenge, artificial intelligence adds more complication. Courts may have to take into account the dependability of the procedures used to generate or evaluate digital evidence, making sure that the AI system hasn’t been tampered with and that the outcomes are reliable.
AI in relation to Cyber Law:
Digital technology is developing in the future at an incredible rate, and this trend is probably going to pick up speed. Everything is changing at breakneck speed due to digitization, including new services, media, fashion, and other sectors of the economy. Because the service provider can deliver it, the client receives what they want right away.
This digital age has many benefits and conveniences, but it also has a lot of disadvantages.
There have been several instances of identity theft, financial loss, and cyber dangers. Natural disasters frequently result in data breaches that impact individuals, businesses, and governments alike.
AI: a threat to Cyber Security:
Even with AI’s extremely amazing potential, there is a serious risk that hackers will use it to bolster and expand their attacks. The fact that thieves will employ AI to automate widespread cyberattacks is one of its primary problems. Now, our invaders rely on human resources to plan and coordinate their assaults. When they figure out how to effectively use AI and machine learning, cybersecurity and cybercrime will alter, and not in a positive way.
Hackers may employ artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning for the same purposes as developers do, namely to offset the shortage of human resources and lower cybersecurity expenses. There would be a considerable decrease in the cash and resources required to undertake and handle such threats, increasing cybersecurity risk and providing significantly less financing for cybercriminals.
AI is also far faster and more powerful than humans in breaking into a machine’s security flaws. AI is so good at hiding assaults that users won’t even be aware that their computer or network has been compromised.
ML for Cyber Attack Identification:
Organizations need to be prepared to foresee cyber threats and given the authority to thwart any objectives that cybercriminals may have. When it comes to anticipating attacks before they take advantage of vulnerabilities in database networks and detecting cyber threats based on analysis, machine learning (ML), one of the components of artificial intelligence, has shown to be quite successful.
Desktop computers can use and alter equations using machine learning (ML) based on the statistics they acquire, develop from, and determine what needs to be changed. From the standpoint of cyber protection, this implies that machine learning (ML) enables computers to predict attacks and identify anomalies with far higher accuracy than any human could.
Conventional technology is far more reliant on historical data and is unable to make modifications in the same way as artificial intelligence. The newest hacking techniques and strategies that AI can perform are beyond the capabilities of conventional techniques. The sheer volume of cyberattacks that people encounter daily is actually too much for humans to handle, and AI is the best option.
BY – APARNA SINGH KSHATRIYA