INTRODUCTION
The penalties under the Motor Vehicles Act 1988 are given under Chapter 13 of the act. Over time, it was realized that the number of accidents and offences related to and caused by the use of motor vehicles was increasing in numbers. It was also felt that the penalties prescribed under the statute were insufficient to deal with the rise in the number of cases. The Motor Vehicles (Amendment) Act 2019 attempts to arrest the rise in the number of motor vehicles accidents and offenses by bringing stricter fines and penalties to deter people from violating traffic laws.
OFFENCES BY JUVENILES
Section 199A of the Motor Vehicles Act 1988 refers to the motor vehicle offences being committed by a juvenile. In such situations, the guardian of the juvenile or the owner shall be punished for the contravention under the act. This section has been added to bring accountability from the guardians of the juveniles who cause motor vehicle accidents. the 2019 amendment to the Motor Vehicles Act 1988 has added that the authority can cancel the registration of the vehicle for a period of one year. The owner will have to apply for fresh registration after a period of one year.
GENERAL PROVISION FOR PUNISHMENT OF OFFENCES
Section 177 of the MV Act 1988 refers to the general provision for the punishment of offences. When any person has contravened any provision of the act, rule notification or regulation made thereunder and there is no punishment prescribed for the same, the person will be punished with fine which may extend upto Rs. 100 for the first offence and Rs 300 for the subsequent offence. The 2019 Amendment has raised the fine to Rs 500 for the first offence and Rs. 1500 for the subsequent offences.
The 2019 Amendment has also added Section 177A to the act. This section states that any person who violates the driving regulations made under Section 118 shall be punished with a fine which shall not be less than Rs 500 but which may extend to Rs 1000.
DISOBEDIENCE OF ORDER OR REFUSAL TO GIVE INFORMATION
If any person willfully disobeys any direction lawfully given by any person or authority empowered by the act to give such direction or obstructs any person in discharge of any functions required to perform under the act, shall be punished with fine upto Rs 2000 under the amended act. Prior to the amendment, the fine levied could extend only upto Rs. 500. Similarly, if a person withholds information or gives information which he knows to be false will be punished with fine of Rs 2000 under the amended act. Prior to the amendment, the fine was of Rs. 500.
DRIVING OF VEHICLES BY UNAUTHORISED PERSONS
If the owner of a vehicle allows an unauthorised person to drive his/her vehicle, then the owner will be punished with a fine of Rs 5000 under the amended act. The fine was of only Rs. 1000 before the amendment. An “unauthorised” person is someone who does not possess a driving license or someone who is under the age of eighteen.
DRIVING WITHOUT LICENSE
The punishment for driving without a license under Section 181 of the Motor Vehicles Act 1988 has been significantly enhanced after the 2019 Amendment. The maximum amount of fine has been increased to Rs 5000 from Rs. 500 under the 2019 Amendment.
DRIVING INSPITE OF DISQUALIFICATION
If any person who is disqualified under the MV Act for holding or obtaining a driving license drives a motor vehicle in a public place or in any other place or applies for or obtains a driving license not being entitled to do so shall be punished with a fine of upto Rs10000 under the 2019 Amendment alongwith imprisonment of upto three months. Before, the amendment the fine was of just Rs 500. Further if a person acts as a conductor despite being disqualified from holding a conductor’s license will be punished with a fine of Rs.10000 alongwith imprisonment for a period of one month under the 2019 Amendment. Before, the amendment the fine could extend to Rs100 only.
OVERSPEEDING
Previously, the fine for overspeeding ranged from Rs 400 to Rs 1000. After the 2019 amendment, the fine has been demarcated according to the type of the motor vehicle. For Light Motor Vehicles, the fine is to range from Rs1000 to Rs 2000. For Medium Goods Vehicle or Medium Passenger Vehicle or a Heavy Goods Vehicle or Heavy Passenger Vehicle, the fine is to range from Rs 2000 to Rs 4000. For subsequent offences, the license of the driver shall be impounded.
DANGEROUS DRIVING
The words “or which causes a sense of alarm or distress to the occupants of the vehicle, other road users, and persons near roads,” have been added to Section 184 after the words “dangerous to the public”. The punishment for dangerous driving has been enhanced under the Amendment. Earlier, the imprisonment could extend upto six months and fine would extend upto Rs1000. However now, the imprisonment can range from six months to one year and fine can range from Rs1000 to Rs 5000.
DRUNKEN DRIVING
The fine for drunken driving has been increased to Rs 10000 from Rs 2000 for the first under the 2019 Amendment Act. Similarly, the fine for the second or subsequent offences has been increased to Rs 15000 from Rs 3000 under the 2019 Amendment Act. Now it is not required that the second or subsequent offence should take place within three years of the commission of the first offence.
DRIVING WHEN PHYSICALLY OR MENTALLY UNFIT TO DRIVE
When a person drives a vehicle inspite of knowing the fact that he/she is mentally or physically unfit to drive the vehicle, then the person shall be punished with fine of Rs 1000 for the first offence and Rs 2000 for the second or subsequent offences under the amendment. Prior to the amendment, the fines were of Rs 200 and Rs 500 respectively.
OFFENCES RELATING TO ACCIDENTS
The punishment for offences relating to accidents has been increased to six months of imprisonment from three months and fine has been increased to Rs 5000 from Rs. 500 under the 2019 Amendment. For subsequent offences, the period of imprisonment has been increased to one year from a period of six months. The fine may also extend to Rs 10000 from Rs 1000 previously.
USING VEHICLE WITHOUT PERMIT
The amended act has introduced imprisonment for the first offence under Section 192A. The imprisonment shall extend upto a period of six months. The fine has also been extended from Rs 5000 to Rs 10000 under the amended section. The imprisonment for a subsequent offence has been increased to six months from a period of three months. The fine for a subsequent offence has also now been fixed at Rs 10000. Earlier the fine would range from Rs 5000 to Rs 10000.
DRIVING WITHOUT WEARING A SEAT BELT
Any person who drives a motor vehicle without wearing a seat belt or carries passengers not wearing seat belts shall be punished with a fine of Rs 1000.
OBSTRUCTION TO FREE FLOW OF TRAFFIC
Under the 2019 Amendment to the Motor Vehicles Act 1988, the fine for causing obstruction to the free flow of traffic has been increased to Rs 500 per hour from Rs 50 per hour previously provided under Section 201 of the Motor Vehicles Act 1988.
CONCLUSION
The stringent penalties have been brought under the Motor Vehicles (Amendment)Act 2019 to deter the commission of motor vehicle offenses and to reduce the number of motor vehicle accidents taking place in the country. The 2019 Amendment could pave the way for creating safer roads for the people of the country.
Contributed By : Kritavirya Choudhary (Intern)
They allow you to realize a wider range of motion than you can with dumbbells or barbells to maximize shoulder muscle progress,
energy, and endurance. For example, should you use dumbbells for the shoulder press train, your vary of movement stops when the dumbbells contact your shoulders, which is generally
across the mid-face stage. Whereas with cable handles,
you’ll find a way to convey the handles decrease down to the underside of
the neck stage. If you train shoulders utilizing machines, you may be fastened within the machine’s range of movement,
which means it may not suit your mobility or be
too brief in motion vary. Nonetheless, cables are more just like “free weight movements”, the place you have more control over
the direction of load. In conclusion, a shoulder pulley
can be a useful software in your journey towards shoulder pain aid and improved function. By consulting healthcare professionals and progressing to more advanced workout routines,
you can obtain complete rehabilitation and reach
your performance objectives.
This will guarantee optimum muscle engagement and reduce the risk of damage.
With decrease threat comes greater confidence to push boundaries in weightlifting – a vital factor for anybody trying to
enhance their shoulder well being and aesthetic appeal with out
compromise. A nice exercise to mobilize the frozen shoulder and mobilize the
higher again. Once you’ve chosen your rope, you’re
able to get began. Rope circulate is a physically lively
exercise that includes a lot of movement and coordination.
Shoulder exercises are not everyone’s favourite, primarily as a end result of they require very exact actions to effectively goal the muscle tissue for hypertrophy.
Traditional Cable Flys – additionally known as Cable Crossovers – are
known for concentrating on the chest. With that mentioned, they do involve the anterior deltoids (front part of the shoulders) however not enough
to qualify it as a shoulder exercise. Cables also allow for a higher range of motion and could be adjusted to hit the deltoid muscle tissue from various angles.
For extra give attention to the remainder of the back, see our listing of one of the best cable again workouts.
The core muscle tissue are composed of three different sections, the rectus abdominis, more generally known as the
“6-pack”, the interior and exterior obliques, or the facet muscles.
These muscle tissue are answerable for the body’s stability and stability in addition to twisting the physique to the
perimeters.
Your physical therapist will assist you to progress by way of a safe and effective train program to help you restore normal ROM
in your shoulder. The typical development to revive normal, pain-free ROM to your shoulder begins with passive ROM.
This cable back exercise involves numerous muscular tissues as
it requires you to barely rotate on the waist. Because
it is a unilateral exercise you could have to engage your core all through the motion.
It mimics the natural rowing movement, but instead of pulling up (which can enhance shoulder damage risk), you pull straight towards your body/face.
You can study every little thing about completely different battle rope lengths, thicknesses, and materials in our Battle Ropes Buyer’s Guide.
All questions related to buying battle ropes are answered in that article.
The only thing we are ready to suggest is that if you’ll like the
most durable battle rope, then go for a battle rope manufactured from polydac.
As you are whipping the ropes away from each other after which again toward one another,
they could cross paths. Your arms, nonetheless, is not going to cross each other,
so once they start to meet at the center, whip the ropes outward by
flicking your wrists. Some grips will feel
higher than others relying on the train. There really are
no guidelines (but we’ll recommend sure grips for every exercise
below). See what feels comfortable for your wrist and is
probably the most optimal for the exercise at hand in addition to the way it hits your muscles.
This is considered one of the greatest workout routines not solely on your again shoulders however
for the whole scapular muscles. If you want healthy shoulders, then you must
do that train no much less than twice every week.
Remember to breathe out as you press up and breathe in the way down. Attach both the handles at the bottom of a cable machine
and place an incline bench in between. Return back to the beginning place and
stretch your shoulders at the finish. You simply have to keep your elbows slightly bend and convey
your arms above the shoulder top. Cable machine is a great modality to deliver variations into your workout program.
You can use completely different angles and positions to train your muscular tissues.
The weight provides you with loads of resistance as you’re going by way of the transfer.
You’ll begin to feel the burn and pull in your shoulders with every jumping jack you perform.
This is a little bit totally different than different battle rope workouts and requires some critical focus to accomplish.
This is a variation on the usual chin-up that will have you ever sweating earlier than you’ve even finished a complete set.
In phrases of your arms, this movement is simply like a standard wave.
However, you might be doing this from a tall kneeling
position. Primarily, this is a good transfer for novices
who have to grease the contralateral groove of the arm movement.
This could be a higher place to begin out than the standard
wave for some.
The cable rope overhead press is likely one of the most effective for constructing mass.
Goal for 2–3 instances per week with enough restoration between classes.
Battle ropes are a fantastic conditioning software for football gamers, different mix athletes,
and any other sport the place upper physique endurance is a excessive precedence.
Not permitting any motion of your elbow will place higher emphasis on your
tricep muscle. When you select a careful approach, there are a few
reasons why your recovery won’t be as fast as you need to.
There is inadequate blood circulate to the rotator cuff tendons
the place they connect to the humerus. Because of put on and tear and strain, we
are due to this fact extra likely to get a rotator cuff injury as we turn out to be older.
Unlike free weights, cable machines make the most of an adjustable weight stack for resistance.
A cable runs via a sequence of pulleys and attaches to handles,
bars, or ropes that you simply grasp to carry out various workouts.
Battle rope exercises are complete body, so your upper physique,
decrease physique and core muscles might be labored.
Fairly a lot each single muscle in your body will be stimulated when doing battle rope
workouts, together with your core, arms, shoulders, again, glutes and quads
bearing the brunt of the work.
As A End Result Of of that, we’ll provide more thorough instructions for this motion than we’ll the
remaining. General, although, battle ropes are a full
body training software. This is just a simply clarification of why battle ropes are price using
for workouts. If you wish to study extra, take
a look at our article on the 11 Inimitable Advantages of Battle Ropes.
A lot of individuals reduce their reps quick once they do that exercise.
As you attain the straight bar back, try
to get all of it the means in which to your neck. Additionally, try
to maintain your elbows close to 1 one other, and don’t
allow them to exit too broad. When individuals start to fatigue, they start to attain their shoulders back and add
momentum to this exercise.
Horizontal actions with the battle ropes will place a
bigger emphasis on the upper body, particularly the lats, shoulders,
biceps, triceps, and forearms. This is due to the different arm
motions required to maneuver horizontally
vs vertically. Each raise and lower section of an exercise with cables
puts your deltoids, rear delts, and other shoulder muscle
tissue beneath a gradual strain. This fixed
pull makes even easy moves more practical at constructing muscle.
A pulley exerciser is a type of weight training gear generally seen in health centers and in properties.
Some are fairly giant, however others are built smaller for simple use at
house. The exerciser makes use of a number of cables that run by way of adjustable pulleys to have the ability to
allow for a wide selection of workouts to be carried out.
Whether you’re a seasoned pro or simply beginning out, we provide professional suggestions and dependable advice to help you create the final word health club
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residential health. This is a good one to work on endurance, try pacing your self and work for up to seconds before
taking a rest. Energy slams are a hard exercise and can only be tolerated in short
bursts with loads of relaxation. This is just like the side-to-side exercise; however, with the slams, you need to create more
power, which will fatigue you extra quickly. Your torso might rotate slightly with this movement, however your toes ought to keep planted and
your hips sq. at all times. Low waves are the other of excessive
waves, together with your torso angled forwards towards the floor.
Rope move engages a lot of the muscle tissue in your physique, including those in your abdominals,
shoulders, arms, higher and lower back, and lower body.
Utilizing an extended tempo eccentric during a repetition means growing the
time beneath pressure and slowing down the portion of the repetition when the muscle is lengthening.
Any shoulder workout with cables is often during
the lowering part. If you’re not already coaching shoulders 3 times per week,
I would only carry out two of these exercises (workouts #1 and #2).
After 6-8 weeks of training shoulders with 2X/week frequency,
you could try 3-4 weeks of training shoulders 3X/week.
Dumbbells would supply little tension at the bottom during lateral raises,
which is why many individuals favor doing this exercise with cables.
There are a quantity of completely different attachments,
such as a rope, straight bar, V bar, and lengthy bar, that you can use with a cable machine to focus on different areas of every muscle.
The cable incline pushdown is a good motion to enhance scapular stability and strength, making
it certainly one of my favorite again exercises with cables.
The lats are heavily engaged in this train, however
it also hits different muscles corresponding to shoulders,
pecs, and teres major. Utilizing a cable machine for back exercises may give you some wonderful positive aspects
in building a stronger, thicker, and wider again. Performing back
workout routines with cable machines also can assist to spice
up your different bigger compound lifts corresponding to deadlifts or
the overhead press. Cable shrugs are a shoulder workout that primarily targets your trapezius muscular tissues.
Not only is the load distribution totally different,
but the rope might be undulating as you pass it over your
body each time, creating even more instability. And, in fact, this exercise emphasizes the shoulders, traps, and
arms as they are major movers of the rope. The battle rope low wave is actually the opposite of what a
high wave is. It includes less vary of motion and your body might be closer to the bottom.
This brings many of the emphasis into your arms (as nicely as
your low back to hold this position). For each train, we’ll cowl
the tips on how to, emphasised muscles (if any, keep in mind, many battle
ropes are truly full body!), and total what makes the movement special.
If you need to take HIIT periods to the following degree and actually push yourself, then incorporate battle ropes for amazing outcomes.
It is those heavy ropes that probably live within the nook of
the fitness center called battle ropes. For industrial gyms, 50ft battle ropes are the best and most typical.
These workout routines require superior energy, endurance, and coordination. Incorporate them into
your routine as you turn out to be more comfy and proficient
with battle ropes. See all the nice methods to produce a prodigious pump for
your biceps by reading the countless triceps methodology
above. It looks so easy as a leaping jack, but it’s not easy, jack.
If you want to level up your warm up or cardio at the finish this exercise will do just that.
This rope jack motion may also be a stand-alone strength-building train for the
shoulders and traps.
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