Introduction
Welcome to the official blog of the Law Offices of Kr. Vivek Tanwar Advocate and Associates, where we are dedicated to providing litigation support services for matters related to the Divorce matter. In today’s blog post, we aim to shed light on the prevailing issues surrounding Divorce rights, the legal framework for their protection, and the steps we can take as a society to combat these acts. Join us as we explore this critical subject and empower you with the knowledge to protect your rights and safety.
Commencement
In a recent and highly significant judgment dated September 6, 2023, identified as Smt. Roopa Rani vs Kamal Narayan Soni, found in 2023 IN SC 814, in Civil Appeal 2023 (Arising out of SLP (C) No.15793 of 2014), the Supreme Court provided clear guidelines for Trial Courts and High Courts when assessing and granting divorce decrees. The Court emphasized the importance of avoiding overly technical and overly formalistic approaches in these assessments. In this case, the appellant/wife had filed a Civil Appeal challenging the decision of the Chhattisgarh High Court, which had affirmed the Trial Court’s rejection of her divorce petition based on cruelty.
The Supreme Court ultimately granted the divorce decree and set aside the Trial Court’s judgment. This judgment is a significant milestone in divorce law. The Supreme Court of India granted a divorce, putting an end to a prolonged legal battle for a couple. The decision emphasizes the need to consider the social context and the pain of living separately for a significant period, signalling a shift in the approach to divorce cases.
Agony of Separation
- The Supreme Court, in granting divorce, recognized that there is no need to prolong the agony of individuals living separately.
- It stressed the importance of taking a holistic approach and considering the social context while addressing such cases, particularly in the face of associated stigmas.
Lengthy Separation
- The case in question involved a marriage solemnized in 2002 that ran into difficulties after the birth of the couple’s child.
- Disputes between the parties began in 2006, leading to a protracted legal battle.
Allegations and Accusations:
- The wife filed a complaint under Section 498A of the Indian Penal Code and Sections 3 and 4 of the Dowry Prohibition Act, while the husband countered with accusations of adultery.
Subjectivity in Cruelty Claims:
- The Supreme Court acknowledged the subjective nature of cruelty claims in divorce cases.
- It highlighted the need for a broader and more flexible approach when evaluating cases where a wife seeks divorce.
Evolution of Divorce Laws:
- The court pointed out the shift in divorce laws, moving away from a conservative fault-based approach.
- Modern matrimonial legislation has adopted a more liberal and flexible perspective on grounds for divorce.
Burden of Proof:
- While emphasizing a contextual and empathetic approach, the court clarified that the burden of proof lies with the petitioner.
- It noted that the degree of probability required is one of preponderance, not beyond reasonable doubt.
Social and Economic Stigma:
- The court recognized the socio-economic stigma and challenges faced by women in divorce cases.
- It urged courts to consider the social and economic independence of the parties involved, striving to mitigate the trauma experienced by the vulnerable party.
Preventing Abuse of Law:
- Referring to Section 23(1) of the Hindu Marriage Act of 1955, the court stressed the need to prevent the abuse and misuse of the law for personal gain.
- It highlighted the importance of ensuring that a lack of dissent is not misconstrued as passive consent.
Balancing Rights and Inequalities:
- The court underscored the necessity of balancing the rights of both parties, taking into account the social and economic inequalities that may exist.
- It emphasized that divorce while solving one problem, may create others, particularly when women are left socially and economically disadvantaged.
Impact on Children:
- The court expressed concern about the impact of marital disputes on children, who often become indirect victims.
- It urged couples to be mindful of the psychological and mental impact such conflicts have on their children.
A Final Resolution:
- In this particular case, both parties had moved on and settled into separate lives.
- The court’s decision ended the legal battle, setting aside the trial court’s judgment, which was upheld by the Chhattisgarh High Court.
Conclusion
The Supreme Court’s decision to grant divorce underscores the importance of considering the social context and the suffering endured during prolonged separations. It also emphasizes the need for a more empathetic and holistic approach to divorce cases, especially in the face of societal stigmas and challenges faced by vulnerable parties. This ruling signifies a shift in the legal landscape regarding divorce in India.
We are a law firm in the name and style of Law Offices of Kr. Vivek Tanwar Advocate and Associates at Gurugram and Rewari. We are providing litigation support services for matters related to the Divorce rights.