INTRODUCTION
Proving paternity when the alleged father is deceased can be more challenging, but it is still possible. The specific procedures may vary depending on the jurisdiction and the circumstances surrounding the case. Here’s a general guide:
1. Obtain Legal Advice:
- Consult with a family law attorney to understand the laws and procedures in your jurisdiction. They can guide you on the appropriate steps to take based on your specific situation.
2. Court Order for Genetic Testing:
- In some cases, you may need to petition the court for a post-mortem genetic test to establish paternity. The court will issue an order allowing the testing to proceed.
3. Locate Biological Samples:
- Identify potential sources of the deceased father’s DNA. This could include preserved biological samples, such as blood samples, hair, or other tissues. The assistance of a medical professional or forensic expert may be required.
4. Forensic DNA Testing:
- Arrange for a forensic DNA test using the identified biological samples. Forensic laboratories specialize in analyzing degraded or post-mortem DNA. The process typically involves extracting DNA from the samples and comparing it to the child’s DNA.
5. Court Admissibility:
- Ensure that the forensic DNA testing is conducted by a reputable laboratory, and the results are presented in a way that complies with legal standards. This is crucial for the admissibility of the results in court.
6. Notification of Interested Parties:
- Notify all interested parties, such as the legal representatives of the deceased, surviving family members, and any relevant government agencies, about the intent to establish paternity post-mortem.
7. Court Proceedings:
- File a legal action in the appropriate court to establish paternity. Provide the court with the results of the post-mortem DNA test as evidence. The court will review the evidence and make a determination.
8. Legal Representation:
- It’s advisable to have legal representation throughout the process to navigate the legal complexities and ensure that your rights are protected.
9. Notification of Estate:
- If the deceased father has an estate, the executor or administrator of the estate may need to be notified about the legal proceedings.
10. Court Order of Paternity:
- If the court is satisfied with the evidence presented, it may issue an order establishing the paternity of the deceased father.
Important Considerations:
- Time Limitations:
- Some jurisdictions may have time limitations for filing paternity claims, so it’s essential to act promptly.
- Legal Standing:
- The person seeking to establish paternity must have legal standing, meaning they must be a person with a legitimate interest, such as the child or a legal representative of the child.
- Consent and Notification:
- Ensure that all necessary parties are properly notified and consent to the testing or legal proceedings where required by law We are a law firm in the name and style of Law Offices of Kr. Vivek Tanwar Advocate and Associates at Gurugram and Rewari. We are providing litigation support services for matters related to Family law and marriage counseling.
Their online prescription system is so efficient.
lisinopril 20 mg no prescription zestril
Always attuned to global health needs.
huile demaquillante payot: sildenafil 100mg achat – spray nasal sur ordonnance
https://tryggmed.com/# munnsГҐr apotek
medicijnen bestellen bij apotheek: digitale apotheek – apotheek inloggen
medicatie bestellen MedicijnPunt online medicijnen bestellen
gua sha apotek: hГ¤mta recept apotek – apotek solkrГ¤m
https://tryggmed.com/# ørelys apotek
drug test apotek: apotek shampoo – nattokinase apotek
billigst apotek pГҐ nett: Trygg Med – hГҐndstГёtte apotek
medicatie bestellen Medicijn Punt medicijen
https://snabbapoteket.shop/# apotek fri frakt
https://tryggmed.com/# tidlig graviditetstest apotek
http://snabbapoteket.com/# multivitamin apotek
betrouwbare online apotheek: medicijnen online kopen – pharmacy nl
sweden apotek Snabb Apoteket bh 90 b
https://zorgpakket.shop/# medicijnen aanvragen apotheek
hb test apotek: SnabbApoteket – deodorant apotek
skalpell apotek: hiv test apotek – Гёreolje apotek
https://zorgpakket.shop/# recept online
http://tryggmed.com/# oksygenmåler apotek
lecitin apotek: promilletest apotek – vortemiddel apotek
med apotheek: Medicijn Punt – landelijke apotheek
testosteron tilskudd apotek TryggMed nad tilskudd apotek
https://tryggmed.com/# apotek tøfler
billigt apotek pГҐ nГ¤tet: tandblekning apotek – apotek bebis
diare apotek: apotek kryssord – nesehГҐrtrimmer apotek
mijn medicijn.nl MedicijnPunt mediceinen
https://tryggmed.shop/# narkotikatest apotek
apotek sykehuset: Trygg Med – luktesalt apotek
alkotester apotek: TryggMed – henna hГҐrfarge apotek
indian pharmacy IndiaMedsHub best india pharmacy
http://expresscarerx.org/# cialis daily
prescription drugs mexico pharmacy: legit mexican pharmacy without prescription – legit mexican pharmacy without prescription
http://medimexicorx.com/# medication from mexico pharmacy
people’s pharmacy prozac metoprolol mexican pharmacy russian pharmacy online
http://expresscarerx.org/# pharmacy online stores
uk pharmacy: online pharmacy anabolic steroids – mexican pharmacy azithromycin
sams club pharmacy lipitor: avandia specialty pharmacy – Olanzapine
https://expresscarerx.org/# ExpressCareRx
amoxicillin mexico online pharmacy MediMexicoRx MediMexicoRx
tesco pharmacy viagra prices: kroger pharmacy near me – aciphex online pharmacy
https://indiamedshub.com/# IndiaMedsHub
https://expresscarerx.online/# ExpressCareRx
indian pharmacy online buy prescription drugs from india IndiaMedsHub
best india pharmacy: india pharmacy mail order – reputable indian pharmacies
http://medimexicorx.com/# MediMexicoRx
publix pharmacy amoxicillin ExpressCareRx dutasteride pharmacy
buy viagra from mexican pharmacy: buy propecia mexico – mexico pharmacy
rx one pharmacy llc: wedgewood pharmacy – republic rx specialty pharmacy
https://medimexicorx.com/# mexico drug stores pharmacies
http://medimexicorx.com/# buying prescription drugs in mexico online
IndiaMedsHub indianpharmacy com IndiaMedsHub
buy propecia mexico: online mexico pharmacy USA – best mexican pharmacy online
pharmacy propecia: online pharmacy reviews generic viagra – ExpressCareRx
http://expresscarerx.org/# inderal online pharmacy
best mexican pharmacy online safe mexican online pharmacy MediMexicoRx
IndiaMedsHub: mail order pharmacy india – india pharmacy mail order
rx care pharmacy orlando fl: meloxicam target pharmacy – reliable rx pharmacy review
https://expresscarerx.org/# propranolol online pharmacy
https://expresscarerx.org/# buy viagra at pharmacy
IndiaMedsHub IndiaMedsHub pharmacy website india
top online pharmacy india: IndiaMedsHub – cheapest online pharmacy india
aricept online pharmacy: ambien india pharmacy – ExpressCareRx
https://medimexicorx.shop/# buying prescription drugs in mexico online
safe mexican online pharmacy MediMexicoRx п»їmexican pharmacy
https://indiamedshub.com/# IndiaMedsHub
buy modafinil from mexico no rx: MediMexicoRx – buy meds from mexican pharmacy
http://expresscarerx.org/# smith’s pharmacy
Cialis without prescription: Cialis without prescription – generic Cialis from India
cheap Accutane Isotretinoin From Canada purchase generic Accutane online discreetly
https://zoloft.company/# Zoloft for sale
Finasteride From Canada: Propecia for hair loss online – generic Finasteride without prescription
cheap Propecia Canada: Propecia for hair loss online – Propecia for hair loss online
https://finasteridefromcanada.com/# Propecia for hair loss online
20 mg tadalafil cost tadalafil online no rx tadalafil online no rx
purchase generic Zoloft online discreetly: cheap Zoloft – Zoloft for sale
https://tadalafilfromindia.com/# tadalafil online no rx
buying propecia tablets: Propecia for hair loss online – Propecia for hair loss online
generic sertraline generic sertraline buy Zoloft online
USA-safe Accutane sourcing: purchase generic Accutane online discreetly – order isotretinoin from Canada to US
https://zoloft.company/# purchase generic Zoloft online discreetly
https://zoloft.company/# Zoloft Company
Lexapro for depression online: lexapro coupon – Lexapro for depression online
Cialis without prescription cheap Cialis Canada tadalafil online no rx
lexapro 15mg: Lexapro for depression online – Lexapro for depression online
http://finasteridefromcanada.com/# generic Finasteride without prescription
tadalafil online no rx: tadalafil capsules 20mg – tadalafil online no rx
USA-safe Accutane sourcing: order isotretinoin from Canada to US – buy Accutane online
Zoloft online pharmacy USA Zoloft for sale generic sertraline
https://lexapro.pro/# Lexapro for depression online
https://lexapro.pro/# Lexapro for depression online
purchase generic Accutane online discreetly: isotretinoin online – isotretinoin online
generic Cialis from India: Tadalafil From India – Tadalafil From India
Accutane for sale purchase generic Accutane online discreetly Accutane for sale
https://tadalafilfromindia.com/# buy Cialis online cheap
Tadalafil From India: tadalafil online price – buy Cialis online cheap
Isotretinoin From Canada: order isotretinoin from Canada to US – USA-safe Accutane sourcing
buy cheap lexapro online where to buy generic lexapro Lexapro for depression online
https://lexapro.pro/# Lexapro for depression online
http://tadalafilfromindia.com/# Tadalafil From India
cheap Propecia Canada: Propecia for hair loss online – generic Finasteride without prescription
Finasteride From Canada: cheap Propecia Canada – cheap Propecia Canada
Zoloft online pharmacy USA generic sertraline buy Zoloft online without prescription USA
https://lexapro.pro/# lexapro 5 mg tablet price
tadalafil online no rx: buy Cialis online cheap – Cialis without prescription
Cialis without prescription: Tadalafil From India – buy Cialis online cheap
buy Accutane online generic isotretinoin order isotretinoin from Canada to US
https://lexapro.pro/# Lexapro for depression online
https://zoloft.company/# generic sertraline
generic Finasteride without prescription: Propecia for hair loss online – Finasteride From Canada
https://finasteridefromcanada.com/# Finasteride From Canada
lexapro generic brand name: Lexapro for depression online – Lexapro for depression online
cheap Zoloft sertraline online generic sertraline
Cialis without prescription: cheap Cialis Canada – generic Cialis from India
https://lexapro.pro/# best price for lexapro
buy Cialis online cheap: tadalafil cost india – cheap Cialis Canada
sertraline online Zoloft for sale Zoloft Company
https://zoloft.company/# purchase generic Zoloft online discreetly
https://zoloft.company/# sertraline online
cheap Cialis Canada: cheap Cialis Canada – cheap Cialis Canada
Lexapro for depression online Lexapro for depression online Lexapro for depression online
http://finasteridefromcanada.com/# cost of generic propecia online
sertraline online: Zoloft online pharmacy USA – buy Zoloft online
buy Zoloft online without prescription USA Zoloft for sale cheap Zoloft
Finasteride From Canada: Propecia for hair loss online – Propecia for hair loss online
http://finasteridefromcanada.com/# cheap Propecia Canada
tadalafil online no rx: buy tadalafil 5mg – cheap Cialis Canada
buy Cialis online cheap Tadalafil From India generic Cialis from India
Finasteride From Canada: get generic propecia pills – Finasteride From Canada
order isotretinoin from Canada to US: USA-safe Accutane sourcing – order isotretinoin from Canada to US
generic Finasteride without prescription Propecia for hair loss online Propecia for hair loss online
generic Finasteride without prescription: Propecia for hair loss online – cheap Propecia Canada
Lexapro for depression online: Lexapro for depression online – Lexapro for depression online
https://lexapro.pro/# lexapro generic 20 mg
Cialis without prescription: Cialis without prescription – Tadalafil From India
generic Finasteride without prescription: cheap Propecia Canada – Propecia for hair loss online
cheap propecia online: cheap propecia pills – cheap Propecia Canada
http://isotretinoinfromcanada.com/# buy Accutane online
buy Accutane online: generic isotretinoin – Isotretinoin From Canada
generic isotretinoin: cheap Accutane – generic isotretinoin
order amoxicillin without prescription: antibiotic treatment online no Rx – amoxicillin 250 mg
WakeMedsRX buy Modafinil online USA wakefulness medication online no Rx
http://wakemedsrx.com/# safe Provigil online delivery service
low-cost antibiotics delivered in USA: buy cheap amoxicillin – order amoxicillin without prescription
where can i buy prednisone: order corticosteroids without prescription – prednisone steroids
Clomid Hub: Clomid Hub – Clomid Hub
wakefulness medication online no Rx WakeMedsRX wakefulness medication online no Rx
Clomid Hub: can i get clomid pill – order generic clomid
anti-inflammatory steroids online: can you buy prednisone over the counter uk – prednisone buy online nz
https://clomidhubpharmacy.shop/# Clomid Hub
smart drugs online US pharmacy: Modafinil for ADHD and narcolepsy – wakefulness medication online no Rx
NeuroRelief Rx NeuroRelief Rx NeuroRelief Rx
Modafinil for focus and productivity: WakeMedsRX – smart drugs online US pharmacy
NeuroRelief Rx: gabapentin 300mg cap – NeuroRelief Rx
where can i buy amoxocillin Clear Meds Direct amoxicillin price without insurance
ReliefMeds USA: anti-inflammatory steroids online – order corticosteroids without prescription
NeuroRelief Rx: can you take gabapentin for fibromyalgia – NeuroRelief Rx
https://reliefmedsusa.com/# anti-inflammatory steroids online
prednisone 2.5 mg cost: order corticosteroids without prescription – anti-inflammatory steroids online
amoxicillin online canada amoxicillin tablet 500mg antibiotic treatment online no Rx
WakeMeds RX: wakefulness medication online no Rx – nootropic Modafinil shipped to USA
gabapentin oral capsule 300 mg information: NeuroRelief Rx – does gabapentin increase gaba levels
how to buy clomid no prescription Clomid Hub how can i get clomid
order corticosteroids without prescription: Relief Meds USA – ReliefMeds USA
buying generic clomid: where buy cheap clomid without dr prescription – generic clomid without rx
https://wakemedsrx.shop/# buy Modafinil online USA
NeuroRelief Rx NeuroRelief Rx NeuroRelief Rx
NeuroRelief Rx: NeuroRelief Rx – gabapentin major side effects
Clomid Hub: Clomid Hub Pharmacy – buy clomid without prescription
NeuroRelief Rx NeuroRelief Rx NeuroRelief Rx
cheap clomid without dr prescription: Clomid Hub Pharmacy – Clomid Hub Pharmacy
ReliefMeds USA: ReliefMeds USA – Relief Meds USA
ClearMeds Direct: Clear Meds Direct – low-cost antibiotics delivered in USA
https://wakemedsrx.shop/# WakeMeds RX
cheap clomid pill get cheap clomid no prescription Clomid Hub Pharmacy
antibiotic treatment online no Rx: antibiotic treatment online no Rx – antibiotic treatment online no Rx
ReliefMeds USA: order corticosteroids without prescription – how to purchase prednisone online
Clomid Hub: can i get cheap clomid pills – Clomid Hub
ReliefMeds USA: Relief Meds USA – prednisone 5mg coupon
bluelight forum gabapentin gabapentin drug misuse gabapentin poop out
anti-inflammatory steroids online: Relief Meds USA – Relief Meds USA
Clear Meds Direct: amoxicillin 250 mg – ClearMeds Direct
Clomid Hub: can i get generic clomid pills – can i buy generic clomid online
http://reliefmedsusa.com/# how to buy prednisone
10mg prednisone daily: prednisone 50 mg canada – prednisone buy canada
nootropic Modafinil shipped to USA: Modafinil for focus and productivity – smart drugs online US pharmacy
Clomid Hub: Clomid Hub – can i get clomid without prescription
mail order prednisone: ReliefMeds USA – prednisone 50 mg canada
Clomid Hub: Clomid Hub Pharmacy – Clomid Hub Pharmacy
buy cheap clomid prices clomid pill where to buy cheap clomid online
order amoxicillin without prescription: amoxicillin generic brand – ClearMeds Direct
http://clearmedsdirect.com/# antibiotic treatment online no Rx
buy prednisone 5mg canada: anti-inflammatory steroids online – order prednisone
canadian 24 hour pharmacy: CanadRx Nexus – the canadian pharmacy
pharmacy in canada canada drug pharmacy CanadRx Nexus
MexiCare Rx Hub: mexico pharmacies prescription drugs – MexiCare Rx Hub
MexiCare Rx Hub: MexiCare Rx Hub – finasteride mexico pharmacy
generic drugs mexican pharmacy: buy viagra from mexican pharmacy – MexiCare Rx Hub
MexiCare Rx Hub MexiCare Rx Hub MexiCare Rx Hub
top 10 online pharmacy in india: IndiGenix Pharmacy – IndiGenix Pharmacy
https://mexicarerxhub.com/# MexiCare Rx Hub
pharmacies in canada that ship to the us: canadian pharmacies compare – CanadRx Nexus
IndiGenix Pharmacy: п»їlegitimate online pharmacies india – IndiGenix Pharmacy
CanadRx Nexus CanadRx Nexus canadian pharmacy phone number
IndiGenix Pharmacy: IndiGenix Pharmacy – IndiGenix Pharmacy
IndiGenix Pharmacy: reputable indian pharmacies – IndiGenix Pharmacy
top online pharmacy india IndiGenix Pharmacy IndiGenix Pharmacy
https://mexicarerxhub.shop/# buying prescription drugs in mexico
cheap canadian pharmacy: CanadRx Nexus – CanadRx Nexus
IndiGenix Pharmacy: india online pharmacy – IndiGenix Pharmacy
canadian pharmacy online canadian pharmacy world CanadRx Nexus
order from mexican pharmacy online: buy antibiotics over the counter in mexico – MexiCare Rx Hub
mexican mail order pharmacies: MexiCare Rx Hub – buying from online mexican pharmacy
MexiCare Rx Hub: viagra pills from mexico – п»їmexican pharmacy
reputable indian online pharmacy cheapest online pharmacy india IndiGenix Pharmacy
IndiGenix Pharmacy: IndiGenix Pharmacy – IndiGenix Pharmacy
IndiGenix Pharmacy: indian pharmacy paypal – IndiGenix Pharmacy
https://mexicarerxhub.com/# mexican drugstore online
canadian neighbor pharmacy: legit canadian online pharmacy – best online canadian pharmacy
safe canadian pharmacy CanadRx Nexus CanadRx Nexus
IndiGenix Pharmacy: cheapest online pharmacy india – top 10 pharmacies in india
IndiGenix Pharmacy: reputable indian online pharmacy – buy medicines online in india
MexiCare Rx Hub MexiCare Rx Hub finasteride mexico pharmacy
buy prescription drugs from india: top 10 pharmacies in india – Online medicine order
CanadRx Nexus: CanadRx Nexus – canadian compounding pharmacy
https://canadrxnexus.shop/# the canadian drugstore
india pharmacy: IndiGenix Pharmacy – mail order pharmacy india
CanadRx Nexus CanadRx Nexus trusted canadian pharmacy
CanadRx Nexus: CanadRx Nexus – CanadRx Nexus
CanadRx Nexus: onlinecanadianpharmacy 24 – CanadRx Nexus
best mail order pharmacy canada: reddit canadian pharmacy – canadian pharmacy ratings
IndiGenix Pharmacy top 10 online pharmacy in india indianpharmacy com
IndiGenix Pharmacy: india pharmacy mail order – IndiGenix Pharmacy
CanadRx Nexus: my canadian pharmacy – CanadRx Nexus
MexiCare Rx Hub: buy modafinil from mexico no rx – safe mexican online pharmacy
http://mexicarerxhub.com/# MexiCare Rx Hub
IndiGenix Pharmacy: IndiGenix Pharmacy – cheapest online pharmacy india
IndiGenix Pharmacy: india pharmacy mail order – cheapest online pharmacy india
canadian neighbor pharmacy CanadRx Nexus CanadRx Nexus
safe place to buy semaglutide online mexico: MexiCare Rx Hub – low cost mexico pharmacy online
buy modafinil from mexico no rx: MexiCare Rx Hub – best prices on finasteride in mexico
reliable canadian pharmacy reviews: buy drugs from canada – canadian compounding pharmacy
IverCare Pharmacy IverCare Pharmacy IverCare Pharmacy
http://fluidcarepharmacy.com/# FluidCare Pharmacy
Tizanidine 2mg 4mg tablets for sale: cheap muscle relaxer online USA – RelaxMedsUSA
rybelsus semaglutide tablets AsthmaFree Pharmacy rybelsus is for
muscle relaxants online no Rx: affordable Zanaflex online pharmacy – buy Zanaflex online USA
lasix generic name: lasix side effects – FluidCare Pharmacy
FluidCare Pharmacy lasix online lasix 20 mg
http://ivercarepharmacy.com/# how to use ivermectin for humans
furosemide 100mg: FluidCare Pharmacy – generic lasix
buy lasix online: FluidCare Pharmacy – generic lasix
lasix for sale FluidCare Pharmacy furosemide 40mg
AsthmaFree Pharmacy AsthmaFree Pharmacy AsthmaFree Pharmacy
IverCare Pharmacy: IverCare Pharmacy – ivermectin 6 mg tablet
lasix side effects: generic lasix – lasix furosemide 40 mg
http://fluidcarepharmacy.com/# FluidCare Pharmacy
ivermectin tablets for humans over the counter does ivermectin kill scabies ivermectin tablet for sale
IverCare Pharmacy: IverCare Pharmacy – IverCare Pharmacy
ventolin price in usa: cheap ventolin – generic for ventolin
where to buy ventolin AsthmaFree Pharmacy AsthmaFree Pharmacy
http://ivercarepharmacy.com/# how often do you worm goats with ivermectin
que es semaglutide: AsthmaFree Pharmacy – AsthmaFree Pharmacy
AsthmaFree Pharmacy AsthmaFree Pharmacy buy ventolin online cheap no prescription
AsthmaFree Pharmacy: AsthmaFree Pharmacy – AsthmaFree Pharmacy
ventolin canada: can i buy ventolin over the counter uk – AsthmaFree Pharmacy
microdosing semaglutide for inflammation AsthmaFree Pharmacy AsthmaFree Pharmacy
Tizanidine 2mg 4mg tablets for sale: buy Zanaflex online USA – affordable Zanaflex online pharmacy
AsthmaFree Pharmacy ventolin buy ventolin free shipping
http://asthmafreepharmacy.com/# AsthmaFree Pharmacy
furosemida: furosemide 40 mg – FluidCare Pharmacy
RelaxMeds USA: prescription-free muscle relaxants – order Tizanidine without prescription
AsthmaFree Pharmacy AsthmaFree Pharmacy AsthmaFree Pharmacy
RelaxMeds USA: Tizanidine tablets shipped to USA – Zanaflex medication fast delivery
ivermectin tablet for sale: IverCare Pharmacy – IverCare Pharmacy
IverCare Pharmacy ivermectin lotion cost IverCare Pharmacy
https://ivercarepharmacy.com/# IverCare Pharmacy
stromectol adult lice: topical ivermectin for dogs – IverCare Pharmacy
is semaglutide the same as wegovy: compounding pharmacy semaglutide – how to get rybelsus prescription
ventolin tablet 2 mg ventolin uk price ventolin uk prescription
AsthmaFree Pharmacy: online ventolin – ventolin prescription uk
AsthmaFree Pharmacy: buy ventolin inhaler without prescription – AsthmaFree Pharmacy
ventolin pharmacy uk AsthmaFree Pharmacy AsthmaFree Pharmacy
Tizanidine tablets shipped to USA: relief from muscle spasms online – buy Zanaflex online USA
AsthmaFree Pharmacy: how much is ventolin in canada – AsthmaFree Pharmacy
http://asthmafreepharmacy.com/# purchase ventolin
relief from muscle spasms online trusted pharmacy Zanaflex USA prescription-free muscle relaxants
stromectol ingredient: IverCare Pharmacy – IverCare Pharmacy
rybelsus picture: AsthmaFree Pharmacy – AsthmaFree Pharmacy
AsthmaFree Pharmacy AsthmaFree Pharmacy order ventolin online no prescription
prescription-free muscle relaxants: buy Zanaflex online USA – cheap muscle relaxer online USA
AsthmaFree Pharmacy: AsthmaFree Pharmacy – AsthmaFree Pharmacy
prescription-free muscle relaxants safe online source for Tizanidine affordable Zanaflex online pharmacy
https://fluidcarepharmacy.shop/# FluidCare Pharmacy
Slot jackpot terbesar Indonesia: Judi online deposit pulsa – Live casino Mandiribet
Kazino bonuslar? 2025 Az?rbaycan: Pinco kazino – Yeni az?rbaycan kazino sayt?
Swerte99: Swerte99 casino – Swerte99 slots
https://1winphili.company/# 1winphili
Link alternatif Mandiribet: Situs judi online terpercaya Indonesia – Mandiribet login
Promo slot gacor hari ini: Bonus new member 100% Beta138 – Slot gacor Beta138